Cardano Transaction Vocabulary (Phase A)
Class and property declarations for Conway-tx RDF emission. Extends the cardano: namespace defined in cardano.ontology.ttl. Phase A: declarations only; SKOS LeafType ConceptScheme and OWL 2 RL reasoning axioms ship in later commits on the same PR.
A Cardano transaction in the Conway era: inputs, outputs, fee, validity interval, certificates, withdrawals, governance proposals, mint, witness set.
A spent UTxO reference; resolves to an Output from the resolved UTxO context.
A UTxO produced by a transaction: address, value, optional datum and reference script.
A Cardano address decomposed into its payment credential, optional stake credential, and bech32 form.
Abstract credential carried by an address; subclasses distinguish payment vs stake.
The payment credential of an address (key or script hash).
The stake credential of an address (key or script hash); absent for enterprise addresses.
A hashed leaf carrying its role-class type and canonical hex bytes; the OWL key (leafType, bytesHex) declared in Phase B unifies identifiers across leaves.
An operator-declared on-chain identity; bound to one or more Identifier instances via cardano:hasIdentifier.
A Cardano native asset: policy + asset name.
A datum attached to a script-locked output, by hash or inline.
Auxiliary transaction data carried in the fourth Conway transaction tuple slot, including metadata and auxiliary scripts. Emitted as an opaque raw-CBOR leaf until a typed auxiliary-data vocabulary is introduced.
The redeemer fed into a Plutus script during transaction validation.
A script witness — Plutus V1/V2/V3 or native — identified by its hash.
Relates a transaction to one of its consumed UTxO inputs.
Relates a transaction to one of its produced UTxO outputs.
The fee paid by a transaction, in lovelace.
The optional Conway transaction body field 21 current_treasury_value, in lovelace.
The optional Conway transaction body field 22 treasury donation, in lovelace.
The Conway transaction validation flag from isValidTxL. True means phase-2 scripts are expected to validate; false marks scripts-failed/collateral-paid transactions.
Relates a transaction to its auxiliary data body when the fourth Conway transaction tuple slot is non-null. The target currently carries cardano:hasRawBytes with canonical auxiliary-data CBOR.
The validity interval (invalidBefore, invalidHereafter) bounding when the transaction may be included on chain.
A certificate carried by the transaction (stake registration, delegation, pool operations, governance certificates).
A reward-account withdrawal carried by the transaction body or by a TreasuryWithdrawals governance action.
A Conway governance proposal submitted by the transaction.
A native-asset mint or burn entry attached to the transaction.
A collateral input pledged by the transaction in case of Plutus script failure.
A reference input observed but not spent by the transaction.
The witness set bundled with the transaction (keys, scripts, datums, redeemers).
The payment credential decomposed out of an address.
The stake credential decomposed out of an address (absent for enterprise addresses).
The canonical hex-encoded bytes of a hashed leaf.
The role-class type of a hashed leaf (e.g. payment-key-hash, script-hash, pool-id, drep-id).
Binds an operator-declared Entity to one of its on-chain Identifier instances.
The bech32 string form of an address or hashed identifier.
The network discriminator (0 = testnet, 1 = mainnet) for a network-bearing address or account subject.
The minting policy script hash governing a native asset.
The asset-name byte string distinguishing assets under a common minting policy.
Relates an output to its attached datum (by hash or inline).
Relates an output to a reference script attached to it.
The raw CBOR/bytes payload of a datum, redeemer, or script.
The decoded structured form of a datum or redeemer, when available.
Human-readable error message attached to a subject whose CBOR payload was present but failed CIP-57 blueprint typed-decoding (malformed bytes, wrong shape, missing schema, or unresolved $ref). Emitted alongside the opaque-bytes fallback (cardano:hasRawBytes) so a SPARQL view can detect decode failures without parsing emitter logs. Domain intentionally left open: any subject that could carry an opaque-bytes payload (Datum, Redeemer, Script, OpaqueLeaf, …) may also carry a decodeError when blueprint decoding fails — mirrors the permissive shape of cardano:hasRawBytes.
The hash of a datum, redeemer, script, or other hashable artifact.
The Plutus language version of a script (V1, V2, V3) or analogous version tag.
Relates a transaction input to the Output it resolves to under the resolved UTxO context.
The inverse direction of cardano:resolvedTo: relates an Output to the Input that consumes it. Declared in Phase A so the Phase B owl:inverseOf axiom can reference a published term.
Role classes for typed-leaf identifiers (credentials, script hashes, pool IDs, policy IDs, asset classes). Each member is both a SKOS concept (taxonomy) and an OWL/RDFS class (so `_:leaf a cardano:PaymentScript` is a valid role-class typing of an Identifier instance).
Hashed Ed25519 public key authorising spending at an address.
Plutus or native-script hash governing spending at an address.
Hashed Ed25519 public key holding stake delegation rights.
Script hash holding stake delegation rights (script-based reward accounts).
Hashed Ed25519 public key registered as a delegated representative under Conway-era governance.
Script hash registered as a delegated representative (multi-sig or contract DRep).
Hashed minting policy script governing a native asset.
Composite identifier (policy + asset name) for a native asset.
The TxIn reference '<txid>#<ix>' for a spending or reference or collateral input.
Canonical flat '<txid>#<ix>' join key for a spending, reference, or collateral input, using 64 lowercase transaction-id hex characters and an unpadded zero-based decimal output index.
An ADA-denominated value, in lovelace (1 ADA = 1_000_000 lovelace). Used on Output, Withdrawal, and any value-bearing subject.
A signed integer quantity (negative values denote burns in a mint context).
Binds a mint entry to the (policy, asset-name) pair it touches.
Binds an Output (or any value-bearing subject) to its multi-asset value list head (an rdf:List of asset-quantity entries). Distinct from cardano:mintsAsset which is mint-context-scoped.
Binds a withdrawal to its reward-account identifier (a stake credential).
The network id (0 = testnet, 1 = mainnet) declared on the transaction body when present.
The script-data hash declared on the transaction body when any Plutus scripts are exercised.
The auxiliary-data hash declared on the transaction body when metadata or auxiliary data is attached.
The inclusive lower slot bound of a validity interval (Conway 'validityIntervalStart').
The exclusive upper slot bound of a validity interval (Conway 'invalidHereafter' / TTL).
An on-chain script — a program that runs at transaction-validation time to authorize spending of script-locked outputs, minting under a policy, or evaluation of a staking-credential / DRep / committee role. Discriminated by language subclass (PlutusScript / NativeScript).
A governance voter — a DRep, a stake pool, or a constitutional-committee member casting verdicts on governance actions. Discriminated by role subclass (VoterDRep / VoterStakePool / VoterCommitteeCold).
An on-chain certificate carried by a transaction body — stake key registration / deregistration, stake delegation, vote delegation, pool registration / retirement, DRep registration / unregistration / update, committee key resignation, committee hot-key authorization, etc. Discriminated by subclass.
A Delegated Representative (CIP-1694). The on-chain identity an ada-holder may delegate voting power to in Conway-era governance.
A single mint entry — one (policy, asset name, signed quantity) triple inside a transaction's mint field. Negative quantities denote burns.
A native Cardano multi-sig / timelock script. Native scripts are emitted as recursive trees of ScriptPubkey, ScriptAll, ScriptAny, ScriptNofK, InvalidBefore, and InvalidHereafter nodes.
A native-script leaf requiring a payment-key signature. Carries cardano:requiresSigner to the signer Identifier.
A native-script internal node requiring every child script to validate. Children are linked with cardano:hasChild.
A native-script internal node requiring at least one child script to validate. Children are linked with cardano:hasChild.
A native-script threshold node requiring cardano:requiredCount of its child scripts to validate.
A native-script timelock leaf corresponding to invalid_before. Carries cardano:hasSlot with the lower slot bound.
A native-script timelock leaf corresponding to invalid_hereafter. Carries cardano:hasSlot with the upper slot bound.
A Conway-era field whose canonical RDF shape has not yet been designed. Carries cardano:leafType (the Conway constructor name) + cardano:hasRawBytes (CBOR-encoded body) so the operator can read the field even before it gets a proper modelling. Used as the fallback in exhaustive Conway pattern-matching so the emitter never crashes on novel constructors.
A Conway governance proposal procedure submitted by a transaction. Carries the proposal deposit, return reward-account, anchor metadata, and a per-variant governance action payload.
A Conway governance action carried by a Proposal. Specific subclasses describe the typed payload for each governance-action constructor.
A Conway governance action withdrawing lovelace from the treasury to one or more reward accounts, optionally guarded by a policy script hash.
A Conway governance action changing protocol parameters, with an optional prior action and optional guard policy.
The typed protocol-parameter update payload carried by a ParameterChange governance action.
A Conway governance action updating the constitutional committee membership and quorum.
A committee member addition paired with the term-limit epoch for the added cold credential.
A Conway governance action adopting a new constitution document and optional guardrail script.
A proposed constitution payload: anchor metadata plus an optional guardrail script hash.
A Conway governance action initiating a hard fork to a target protocol version.
A Cardano protocol version decomposed into major and minor version numbers.
Pool voting thresholds inside a typed protocol-parameter update.
DRep voting thresholds inside a typed protocol-parameter update.
Protocol-parameter prices for execution memory and CPU steps.
An off-chain pointer to governance metadata, decomposed into a URL and content hash.
A reference script whose language is a Plutus version (V1, V2, V3, …). Carries cardano:hasVersion in addition to the hash + raw bytes.
A stake pool — the on-chain identity an ada-holder may delegate stake to for block production rewards.
A certificate delegating a stake credential's voting / reward share to a stake pool. Carries cardano:onCredential (the delegator stake credential) + cardano:toPool (the target pool).
A reference to a specific output of a previously-submitted transaction — the tuple of a transaction id and an output index. Used everywhere an Input names what it spends, references, or holds as collateral. Decomposed into cardano:hasTxId (an Identifier node) + cardano:hasIndex (a non-negative integer).
Identifier for a governance action: (txid, index) tuple identifying the proposing transaction and the proposal's position within that transaction.
A single voting-procedure entry: one voter casting one verdict on one governance action. Carries cardano:hasVoter, cardano:hasVotingAction, cardano:hasVerdict, and optional cardano:hasAnchor for justifying metadata.
A certificate delegating a stake credential's voting power to a DRep (or to one of the pre-defined voting targets: always-abstain, always-no-confidence). Carries cardano:onCredential + cardano:toDRep.
A voter acting in the DRep role. The voter's identity is a DRep credential (key or script).
A voter acting in the stake-pool role. The voter's identity is a stake-pool cold key hash.
A voter acting in the constitutional-committee role. The voter's identity is the committee cold key hash.
A single withdrawal entry — taking accumulated rewards out of a reward account or naming a treasury withdrawal recipient. Body-level withdrawals carry cardano:withdrawalAccount + cardano:lovelace; TreasuryWithdrawals actions carry cardano:toRewardAccount + cardano:hasLovelace.
Binds a transaction to a payment-key Identifier whose signature the script-validation phase requires. One triple per entry in the body's required-signers Set. Object is an Identifier node (sharing identity with any other position naming the same key) — never a literal.
Binds a composite native-script node to one child native-script node. Child bnodes are derived from the parent bnode and one-based child position.
Binds a ScriptPubkey native-script leaf to the payment-key Identifier whose witness is required.
The threshold count for a ScriptNofK native-script node.
The slot number carried by a native-script timelock leaf.
The total collateral declared on a Plutus-bearing transaction body, in lovelace. The ledger seizes this amount if the script-validation phase fails. Elided when no Plutus scripts are exercised.
Binds a transaction to the output where unspent collateral returns when script-validation succeeds (collateral minus totalCollateral).
Binds a TxOutRef or GovActionId to its transaction-id Identifier (a 32-byte hash carried via cardano:bytesHex).
The zero-based output index inside a TxOutRef, or proposal index inside a GovActionId.
Binds a value-bearing subject to a single asset entry — one cardano:Asset node carrying a (policy, asset name) pair plus its quantity. Used in mint clusters and resolved multi-asset values.
The deposit locked by a Conway governance proposal procedure, in lovelace. Emitted on the proposal subject alongside the raw-bytes fallback datum view.
Binds a governance proposal to the reward-account credential that receives the returned deposit. Object is the same Identifier node scheme used for withdrawal reward accounts.
Binds a Proposal to its typed Conway governance-action payload. The raw CBOR fallback remains available through cardano:hasDatum on the same proposal subject.
Binds a treasury-withdrawal recipient entry to the reward-account stake credential receiving lovelace.
The lovelace amount carried by a treasury-withdrawal recipient entry.
Optional policy script hash that guards a TreasuryWithdrawals governance action.
Binds a governance action to the prior action it follows, when the ledger constructor carries one.
Binds a ParameterChange governance action to its protocol-parameter update payload.
Per-byte component of the Conway transaction fee (`a` in `fee = a * size + b`).
Constant component of the Conway transaction fee (`b` in `fee = a * size + b`).
Protocol-parameter bound on the maximum block body size in bytes.
Protocol-parameter bound on the maximum transaction size in bytes.
Protocol-parameter bound on the maximum block header size in bytes.
Lovelace deposit a stake credential must lock at registration time.
Lovelace deposit a stake pool must lock at registration time.
Maximum number of epochs into the future a pool retirement can be scheduled.
Desired number of stake pools targeted by the saturation curve (`k` in stake-pool reward math).
Influence factor of pool pledge on rewards (`a0`).
Per-epoch monetary expansion rate (`rho`).
Per-epoch fraction of expansion sent to the treasury (`tau`).
Minimum declared fixed cost a pool may set in its parameters.
Lovelace charged per byte of UTxO storage (Conway-era replacement for `minUTxOValue`).
Plutus cost model table (one entry per supported Plutus language version).
Per-unit prices for Plutus execution budgets (memory + steps).
Maximum Plutus execution budget allowed for a single transaction.
Maximum aggregate Plutus execution budget allowed for a single block.
Protocol-parameter bound on the encoded size of a single Value (lovelace + assets).
Percentage of script fees that must be covered by collateral inputs.
Protocol-parameter bound on the number of collateral inputs per transaction.
Per-governance-action thresholds the SPO voting bloc must clear.
Per-governance-action thresholds the DRep voting bloc must clear.
Minimum size of the constitutional committee.
Maximum term length, in epochs, a committee member may serve.
Number of epochs a governance action remains votable before expiring.
Lovelace deposit required to submit a governance action.
Lovelace deposit required to register a DRep.
Number of epochs of inactivity after which a DRep is considered dormant.
Conway extra fee charged per byte of reference-script payload included via reference inputs.
Plutus execution-budget steps component.
Plutus execution-budget memory component.
Per-unit price of Plutus memory inside `hasExecutionCosts`.
Per-unit price of Plutus steps inside `hasExecutionCosts`.
Voting threshold for a motion of no-confidence governance action.
Voting threshold for a normal committee update governance action.
Voting threshold for a committee update during no-confidence.
Voting threshold for a constitution update governance action.
Voting threshold for a hard-fork-initiation governance action.
Voting threshold for protocol-parameter changes in the security parameter group.
Voting threshold for protocol-parameter changes in the network parameter group.
Voting threshold for protocol-parameter changes in the economic parameter group.
Voting threshold for protocol-parameter changes in the technical parameter group.
Voting threshold for protocol-parameter changes in the governance parameter group.
Reward-account withdrawal entry inside a treasury-withdrawals governance action.
New committee quorum threshold proposed by a committee-update governance action.
Committee member removed by an update-committee governance action.
Committee member added by an update-committee governance action.
Epoch at which a committee member's term expires.
Anchor of the constitution document referenced by a new-constitution governance action.
Optional guardrail script hash bound to the constitution.
Conway protocol-version record (major + minor) bound to a hard-fork-initiation action.
Binds a transaction to a single Vote it casts in its votingProcedures block. One triple per (voter, governance-action) entry.
Binds a Vote to the voter identity casting it. Object is a subclass of cardano:Voter — VoterDRep / VoterStakePool / VoterCommitteeCold.
Binds a Vote to the governance-action identifier it votes on: a typed (txid, index) tuple using cardano:hasTxId and cardano:hasIndex.
The verdict carried by a vote: "Yes", "No", or "Abstain".
Binds a governance-bearing subject (Vote, Proposal, certain certificates) to its anchor — an off-chain pointer to justifying metadata. Anchor decomposes into cardano:anchorUrl + cardano:anchorHash.
The HTTP(S) URL of an off-chain anchor document (metadata, justification, manifesto, …).
The hash of the anchor document content, as an Identifier node so it can be cross-referenced with on-chain hashes elsewhere.
Binds a credential-scoped subject (a certificate, an item in a withdrawal block) to the stake credential it acts on.
Binds a stake-delegation certificate to its target stake-pool Identifier (the pool's cold key hash).
Binds a vote-delegation certificate to its target — either a concrete DRep Identifier (key or script), or one of the pre-defined targets: always-abstain, always-no-confidence.
An Ed25519 signature witness — one entry in the witness set carrying a verification key and a signature over the tx body. The verification key is shared (by Identifier bnode) with any body-level cardano:hasRequiredSigner referencing the same key hash, enabling 1-hop SPARQL joins from signature to required-signer.
A Byron-era bootstrap witness — typically empty on Conway-era transactions. Present only for legacy spending paths that still hold Byron addresses; carries the verification key, signature, chain code, and address attributes as opaque CBOR.
The execution-budget pair for a Plutus script invocation: memory units (memoryUnits) + cpu units (cpuUnits). Attached to a Redeemer when the validator runs.
Binds a transaction to a Redeemer in its witness set. One triple per redeemer entry — the redeemer's hasPurpose + hasIndex select which body item the redeemer drives (a spending input, a mint policy, a cert, a withdrawal, a vote, or a proposal).
Binds a transaction to an Ed25519 KeyWitness in its witness set. One triple per key signing the tx body.
Binds a transaction to a Datum supplied at witness-time (used when an input's output carries datumHash-only and the datum body must be provided in the witness set to validate). The Datum bnode shares identity with any body-level inline datum or hash-only reference carrying the same hash, via cardano:hasHash on the Identifier — enabling 1-hop SPARQL joins between witness datums and body output datums.
Binds a transaction to a Script (Plutus or Native) supplied at witness-time. Same bnode-identity sharing as datum witnesses: the script's hash Identifier matches any body-level hasReferenceScript on the same hash, supporting cross-witness/output SPARQL joins.
Binds a transaction to a Byron-era BootstrapWitness. Typically absent on Conway; present only when spending legacy Byron-shaped UTxOs.
The script purpose driving a Redeemer: one of "Spend" (validates a script-locked input), "Mint" (runs a minting policy), "Cert" (validates a stake credential cert), "Withdraw" (validates a reward-account withdrawal), "Vote" (Conway), or "Propose" (Conway). The hasIndex picks the entry within the corresponding body list.
Binds a Redeemer to its PlutusData argument (the value the operator passed to the script). Surfaced as a Datum subject carrying hasHash + hasRawBytes (opaque CBOR) until CIP-57 blueprint typed decoding (cardano-tx-tools#50).
Binds a Redeemer to its execution-budget pair.
The memory-execution-unit count declared on the redeemer's execution budget.
The CPU-execution-unit count (steps) declared on the redeemer's execution budget.
The 64-byte Ed25519 signature, hex-encoded, that this KeyWitness carries over the transaction body's hash.
Binds a KeyWitness to its Ed25519 verification-key Identifier. The Identifier's bytesHex is the 28-byte BLAKE2b-224 key hash, sharing bnode identity with any body-level cardano:hasRequiredSigner referencing the same key — so SPARQL views can join witness signatures to required signers without literal comparison.
Conway certificate authorising a hot key for an existing constitutional committee member.
Predefined DRep target that always votes abstain on every governance action.
Predefined DRep target that always votes no-confidence on every governance action.
Stake-pool relay variant naming a multi-host DNS record (round-robin / failover entry).
Off-chain pool metadata anchor: URL plus a hash of the canonical metadata JSON.
The full Conway-era stake-pool parameter record: operator key, VRF key, pledge, costs, margin, reward account, owners, relays, optional metadata anchor.
Stake-pool registration certificate that binds a new pool's parameters to the chain.
Stake-pool retirement certificate declaring the epoch at which the pool will deregister.
Conway certificate registering a DRep with a deposit and an optional metadata anchor.
Conway certificate registering a stake credential and locking the registration deposit.
Stake-pool relay entry: either a single host (IP or DNS) or a multi-host DNS record.
Conway certificate resigning a constitutional committee member's cold key.
Stake-pool relay variant naming a single host by IPv4 / IPv6 address and optional port.
Stake-pool relay variant naming a single host by DNS name and optional port.
Conway combined certificate that registers a stake credential and delegates it to a pool in one step.
Conway combined certificate that registers a stake credential, delegates it to a pool, and binds it to a DRep in one step.
Conway certificate deregistering a DRep and returning its deposit.
Conway certificate deregistering a stake credential and returning its registration deposit.
Conway certificate updating a registered DRep's metadata anchor without changing its deposit.
Conway combined certificate that registers a stake credential and binds it to a DRep in one step.
Delegation edge: a stake credential's voting power is bound to the named DRep.
Delegation edge: a stake credential's block-production stake is bound to the named stake pool.
Cold credential of a constitutional committee member.
Hot credential of a constitutional committee member, authorised by an `AuthCommitteeHotKey` certificate.
Pool-parameter declared fixed cost the pool charges per epoch before margin.
Credential identifying a registered DRep.
IPv4 address field of a pool relay entry.
IPv6 address field of a pool relay entry.
Pool-parameter operator margin: the fraction of rewards retained by the pool operator.
Pool key hash of the pool operator's cold key.
Stake-key hash of one of a pool's registered owners.
Pool-parameter declared pledge (lovelace the operator commits to the pool).
Off-chain metadata anchor of a stake pool (URL + hash).
Pool key hash identifying the pool an operation targets.
Reference to the pool-parameter record bundled with a `PoolRegistration` certificate.
Optional TCP port of a single-host pool relay entry.
Pool-parameter relay entry (single-host, multi-host, or DNS).
Reward account into which a stake pool's epochly rewards are paid.
URL of an off-chain anchor (metadata, anchor doc).
Pool-parameter VRF key hash used for block production.
Epoch at which a stake-pool retirement certificate scheduled the pool to retire.
Abstract decoded transaction-metadatum value; every concrete node is also typed with exactly one kind subclass (MetaInt, MetaBytes, MetaText, MetaList, MetaMap).
Integer metadatum leaf; carries cardano:intValue (xsd:integer).
Byte-string metadatum leaf; carries cardano:bytesHex (lowercase hex). Distinguishable from MetaText so a hex byte value is never confused with UTF-8 text.
Text-string metadatum leaf; carries cardano:textValue (xsd:string).
List metadatum; carries ordered cardano:hasElement edges to MetadatumElement wrappers. Element order and arity are preserved exactly — no joining.
Map metadatum; carries cardano:hasEntry edges to MetadatumMapEntry wrappers. Every key->value pair is preserved; keys are full value nodes.
A top-level label->value association on an AuxiliaryData node, reached by cardano:hasMetadatum; carries the integer cardano:metadataLabel and a cardano:metadatumValue.
Positional wrapper for one element of a MetaList; carries the 0-based cardano:elementIndex and a cardano:metadatumValue.
One key->value pair of a MetaMap; carries the 0-based cardano:entryIndex, a cardano:metaKey, and a cardano:metaValue.
Relates an AuxiliaryData node to one MetadatumEntry per top-level metadata label.
The integer (Word64) label of a MetadatumEntry (xsd:integer).
Links a MetadatumEntry or MetadatumElement to its decoded MetadatumValue.
Integer payload of a MetaInt leaf (xsd:integer).
Text payload of a MetaText leaf (xsd:string).
Relates a MetaList to one MetadatumElement wrapper per on-chain element, in order.
0-based position of a MetadatumElement within its MetaList (xsd:integer).
Relates a MetaMap to one MetadatumMapEntry per key->value pair, in order.
0-based position of a MetadatumMapEntry within its MetaMap (xsd:integer).
Links a MetadatumMapEntry to its key, itself a MetadatumValue (not assumed to be a string).
Links a MetadatumMapEntry to its value MetadatumValue.